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Abstract:
The purpose of this presentation is to describe and demonstrate the radiographic diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease. This objective is achieved with the aid of clinical subjects, x-rays and views of gross specimens and histologic slides.In this presentation the incidence of hyaline membrane disease in the United States is discussed first. The common pulmonary causes of respiratory distress in newborn infants are identified. Of the conditions noted, hyaline membrane disease is the most frequently encountered. The role of surfactant is discussed briefly. The characteristic radiographic hallmarks of hyaline membrane disease are then described and demonstrated in considerable detail. These include the reticulogranular pattern which is usually present in both lungs and an air bronchogram. The pathophysiology of this condition is discussed in detail. The complications of hyaline membrane disease and their pathophysiology are then described and demonstrated radiographically. This include interstitial air, tension pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, pulmonary hemorrhage, congestive heart failure, and intracranial hemorrhage. The treatment of infants with hyaline membrane disease is then discussed briefly.
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