KEY FINDINGS. At most, 43% of the $524.2 billion spent on health care by individuals with ESI in 2011 was spent on shoppable services. About 15% of total spending in 2011 was spent by consumers out-of-pocket. $37.7 billion (7% of total spending) of the out-of-pocket spending in 2011 was on shoppable services. Overall, the potential gains from the consumer price shopping aspect of price transparency efforts are modest.
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