The Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority has seen an increase in the number of delirium-associated patient safety events reported through the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System over the past decade, with 446 events reported from acute care facilities between January 2005 and December 2014. Of these, 14.3% (n = 64) were identified as Serious Events resulting in patient harm. Predisposing factors for delirium identified in the reports included age 65 or older, male gender, preexisting cognitive impairment, depression, and severe illness. Categories of potential precipitating risk factors for delirium identified in the reports were intercurrent illness or other physiologic cause, specific medications, environmental factors, and surgery or procedures requiring sedation. Evidence-based guidelines and risk reduction strategies are available to assist healthcare providers to diagnose, prevent, and treat delirium. Implementation of these guidelines and strategies has the potential to improve clinical outcomes and decrease harm for patients at risk for developing delirium.
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