Policymakers and practitioners continue to gravitate toward care coordination, placing it at the center of new models of care such as accountable care organizations and medical homes. At the heart of these activities is a belief that coordination works, but pinning down what "it" is has been difficult. In response to this trend, Mathematica has developed a conceptual framework to describe: (1) the basic elements of care coordination and how they might vary according to the type or severity of a disability(ies); (2) the relationship to health and supportive services; and (3) expected results and outcomes. We then used this framework to conduct a systematic review of the literature on care coordination for people with disabilities, focusing on information about key program elements. The review revealed major weaknesses in the literature, the most prominent being the absence of information on many basic elements of care coordination--even in rigorous studies. Going forward, our framework should help researchers identify a common set of elements to use in all descriptions and evaluations of care coordination programs. Policymakers, practitioners, and program developers can use the framework to form a checklist as they consider how to structure and operate care coordination programs to maximize the benefits for people with disabilities.
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